首荟通便胶囊联合莫沙必利对功能性便秘患者血清SP、MTL、NO水平及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨首荟通便胶囊联合莫沙必利对功能性便秘患者血清P物质（SP）、胃动素（MTL）、一氧化氮（NO）水平及生活质量的影响。方法：选取2018年3月~2020年2月期间我院接收的功能性便秘患者127例,随机分为对照组（n=63,莫沙必利治疗）和研究组（n=64,首荟通便胶囊联合莫沙必利治疗）,对比两组疗效、症状评分、生活质量及血清SP、MTL、NO水平,记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果：对照组治疗4周后的总有效率为77.78%（49/63）,低于研究组治疗4周后的90.63%（58/64）（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后排便困难、粪便性状、排便间隔、排便不尽感评分均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后心理功能、躯体功能、社会功能、物质生活状态评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后血清SP、MTL高于治疗前,且研究组较对照组更高（P<0.05）,血清NO比治疗前更低,且研究组较对照组更低（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论：在莫沙必利基础上,联合首荟通便胶囊治疗功能性便秘患者,能较好的减轻临床症状,缓和不良体征,促进生活质量改善,疗效确切,其作用机制可能与调节血清SP、MTL、NO水平有关。     

弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复对冠心病患者血脂、心肺适能及运动能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复对冠心病患者血脂、心肺适能及运动能力的影响。方法：选取2018年2月~2020年4月期间呼和浩特市蒙医中医医院收治的113例冠心病患者,分组方法采用随机数字表法,分为研究组57例和对照组56例,对照组给予常规运动康复干预,研究组在对照组的基础上采取弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复干预,对比两组血脂、日常生活能力、心功能、心肺适能及运动能力。结果：干预6个月后,研究组左室射血分数（LVEF）高于对照组,左室舒张末径（LVEDD）以及左室收缩末内径（LVESD）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组改良Barthel量表（MBI）评分、6 min步行试验（6MWT）距离高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组高密度脂蛋白（HDL）高于对照组,总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组峰值公斤摄氧量（VO₂/kg _peak ）、无氧阈、峰值氧脉搏升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组峰值功率（WR _peak ）、峰值代谢当量（MET _peak ）升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复可促进患者心功能、血脂状况改善,提高其心肺适能、运动能力及日常生活能力。     

难治性便秘患儿症状与生活质量的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨难治性便秘患儿症状与生活质量的相关性。方法：选取2018年12月~2020年8月就诊于南京医科大学附属儿童医院消化科的450例功能性便秘患儿为研究对象,分为难治性便秘组(150例)及非难治性便秘组(300例),采用儿童生存质量测定量表(PedsQL4.0)评估其生活质量,并与150例健康体检儿童(健康对照组)比较。采用便秘症状评估表对难治性便秘患儿症状进行调查统计,分析难治性便秘患儿的症状与生活质量评分的相关性。结果：150例难治性便秘患儿出现较多的症状为：硬便148例(98.67%)、排便困难144例(96.00%)、排便频率减少(＞3 d/次)117例(78.00%)。与非难治性便秘组比较,难治性便秘组的便秘症状6个条目得分与总分均明显增加 (P＜0.05)。与健康对照组比较,难治性便秘组和非难治性便秘组的生理功能、情感功能、社交功能、学校表现评分及总分均明显降低(P＜0.05);与非难治性便秘组比较,难治性便秘组的生理功能、情感功能、社交功能、学校表现评分及总分均明显降低(P＜0.05)。难治性便秘患儿便秘症状总分与情感功能、学校表现和生活质量总分呈负相关(P＜0.05)。结论：难治性便秘患儿的生活质量下降,患儿便秘相关症状与生活质量密切相关。提示难治性便秘患儿治疗过程中,重视生理功能恢复的同时,还应当重视社会心理健康的恢复,从而改善患儿的生活质量。     

布拉酵母菌联合乳果糖对 儿童功能性便秘患者血清脑肠肽的调节作用

目的探讨布拉酵母菌联合乳果糖对儿童功能性便秘(FC)患者血清脑肠肽的调节作用。方法选取金华市浦江第二医院儿科门诊治疗的儿童FC患者92例,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例。两组患儿均常规给予饮食调整和加强排便功能锻炼等基础治疗。观察组患儿采用乳果糖口服液(5mL/次,2次/d,口服)联合布拉酵母菌散剂(0.25g/次,1次/d,温开水冲服)治疗。对照组患儿只给予单纯的乳果糖口服液治疗,剂量、方法与疗程同观察组,两组患儿均连用8周。观察两组患儿治疗前后血清脑肠肽指标[P物质(SP)和神经降压素(NT)]水平的变化,并评估其临床治疗效果及随访半年的复发率。结果治疗8周后,两组患儿血清SP和NT水平均明显上升,且观察组上述指标上升幅度更大(P0.05);同时观察组患儿临床总有效率高于对照组(χ~2=4.04,P0.05)。对治疗有效者随访半年,观察组患儿的复发率明显低于对照组(χ~2=4.85,P0.05)。结论布拉酵母菌联合乳果糖治疗儿童FC患者效果肯定,能降低患儿复发率,其作用机制可能与其能升高血清SP和NT水平,促进肠道蠕动密切相关。     

Foreign body urethral obstruction in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Background  A 34-year-old, captive-born, vasectomized male chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) presented with lethargy and scrotal swelling.
Methods  Urethral obstruction was diagnosed via urethroscopy.
Results  Removal of the grass stem foreign body resolved the obstruction. Scrotal and preputial ulceration developed from urine scald, which was managed with surgical debridement and antibiotics.
Conclusions  After 7 weeks, the animal was reintroduced to its troup and has been healthy for 11 months.     

酪酸梭菌活菌散联合乳果糖口服液治疗儿童功能性便秘的疗效及安全性

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌散联合乳果糖VI服液治疗儿童功能性便秘（Fc）的疗效及安全性。方法将84例儿童Fc患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以饮食调整、多饮水、规律排便和加强排便功能锻炼等常规治疗。观察组患儿加用酪酸梭菌活菌散联合乳果糖口服液治疗,对照组患JLDI用单纯乳果糖口服液治疗,疗程均为6周。观察两组患儿治疗后临床疗效及药物不良反应,并比较两组患儿治疗后随访观察6个月和1年内的复发率。结果治疗6周后,观察组患儿的总有效率为92．86％,明显高于对照组的76．19％（χ2=4．46,P〈0．05）。治疗中观察组出现4例不良反应,对照组出现2例,症状均较轻,两组患儿不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．14,P〉0．05）。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散联合乳果糖口服液治疗儿童Fc的疗效明显优于单纯的乳果糖口服液治疗,安全性较佳,并能降低其复发率,具有预防复发的作用。     

骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者正颌术后呼吸道情况随访调查

目的：通过评估骨性Ⅲ错合畸形患者正颌手术后睡眠时期的呼吸功能情况,研究该类患者正颌手术后存在呼吸道梗阻的可能性。为临床治疗提供依据。方法：分析56例接受正颌手术的骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者的术前及术后1周、1月、3月和术后6月的多导睡眠图报告。设计问卷调查表评估手术影响日间嗜睡度的变化。从PSG报告上获得的术前术后有代表性的2项参数睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数与最低氧饱和度分别进行比较。结果：数据显示术前和术后AHI指数及SpO2无显著性差异（统计学上无差异）。54例病人术后均未出现睡眠呼吸障碍症状。2例病人术后出现睡眠时期打鼾,但术后随访6月后打鼾逐渐消失。结论：骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者正颌术后无明显呼吸道梗阻症状。但若患者同时具有超重、短颈、舌体大等其他危险因素及仅行下颌骨后退手术可能导致睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症的发生。     

Vascular response of the rabbit bladder to chronic partial outlet obstruction

Partial outlet obstruction of the rabbit urinary bladder results, initially, in a rapid increase in bladder mass and remodeling of the bladder wall. Previously, it was shown that this response was characterized by serosal growth (thickening) which was apparent after 1 day of obstruction, before any visible vascularization was observed. After 1 week of obstruction, significant microvessel formation was seen in the transition region between the detrusor smooth muscle and the thickening serosa; after 2 weeks the entire serosa was vascularized.In this study we investigated the effect of chronic (4 week) partial outlet obstruction on microvessel density and distribution in the bladder wall immunohistochemically using CD31 as a marker for vascular endothelium. Transverse sections of bladder wall were examined after 4 weeks of no surgery, sham surgery or partial obstruction.The microvessel density of the obstructed rabbit bladder mucosa and detrusor smooth muscle increased relative to augmentation of these compartments while new vessels appeared in the thickening serosa. Although vessel density did not change with obstruction a significant shift in mean vessel circumference to the left occurred indicating a significant increase in the number of microvessels and small vessels consistent with angiogenesis.     

Effect of outlet obstruction on pyruvate metabolism of the rabbit urinary bladder

Bladder function is dependent upon cellular metabolism of substrates and the adequate generation of high-energy phosphate compounds. Partial outlet obstruction induces a marked decrease in bladder function which is associated with a significant decrease in the oxidative metabolism of glucose.The current investigation was designed to determine whether the time course of the decrease in mitochondrial oxidation in the hypertrophied urinary bladder is similar to the time course of the contractile dysfunction observed. In these studies we determined: 1) the rate of ¹⁴C-pyruvate metabolism to ¹⁴CO₂ in control and obstructed tissue (1, 3, 5 and 7 days), and 2) the mitochondrial enzymatic activities of malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase.The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The rate of pyruvate metabolism decreases by over 50% within one day following partial outlet obstruction, and remains at this level for the seven day period of study. 2) Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the change in enzymatic activity is related to a decrease in Vmax; the K_d for pyruvate is similar for control and after all time periods of obstruction. 3) The enzymatic activity of malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase is reduced by over 50% within one day following partial obstruction, and remains at this level throughout the 7 day study period. These metabolic results correlate in time and duration with the decreased ability of the bladder to empty following partial outlet obstruction.     

粪菌移植治疗儿童难治性功能性便秘4例

目的观察粪菌移植对儿童难治性功能性便秘的临床疗效并探讨其机制。方法对4例临床确诊为难治性功能性便秘患儿给予粪菌移植治疗,观察和记录患儿临床症状改善情况并收集供体和粪菌移植治疗前后患儿粪便标本,利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台进行16SrRNA测序,并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果 4例患儿接受粪菌移植治疗后排便状况明显改善,大便次数增加、粪便硬度变软、腹部胀痛明显缓解。粪菌移植后,患儿肠道菌群多样性下降,患儿与供体的肠道菌群差异先增大后逐渐缩小。菌群分析显示患儿肠道有害菌受到抑制、有益菌增加。结论粪菌移植可有效改善儿童难治性功能性便秘的临床症状,具有疗程短、治疗方便、无明显不良反应等优点。